Pronouns
subject
|
object
|
possessive
|
reflexive
|
ik
|
mij
|
mijn
|
me
|
jij
|
jou
|
jouw
|
je
|
u
|
u
|
uw
|
zich
|
hij
|
hem
|
zijn
|
zich
|
zij
|
haar
|
haar
|
zich
|
het
|
het
|
zijn
|
zich
|
wij
|
ons
|
ons/onze
|
ons
|
jullie
|
jullie
|
jullie
|
je
|
zij
|
ze – hun
|
hun
|
zich
|
A few notes on this:
- Many pronouns have two versions: one for regular use and one to use if the pronoun has a specific emphasis (the ‘proper’ version):
- mij and mijn are usually me and m’n
- jij, jou and jouw are usually je
(Herinner jij je jouw verjaardag? – Herinner je je je verjaardag?) - zijn is usually z’n
- het is usually ‘t
- zij is usually ze
- wij is usually we
- The same goes for ze and hun (object, third person plural): normally you would use ze, but if you need a special emphasis, you use hun .
- Officially, for object third person plural (‘them’) there are two forms: hun and hen. The grammar rules state that
- hen should be used for direct object and after prepositions and
- hun should be used for indirect object.
This is a purely artificial difference though: most Dutch people don’t get it right – in colloquial Dutch hun is mostly used for all object forms.
- In spoken Dutch, you even hear hun being used as a subject form for third person plural. This is still considered absolutely wrong, though.
- The possessive ons is used for het-nouns (ons huis) and onze for de-nouns (onze tuin).